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Showing posts with the label 17th Century

John Smith's Letter to Queen Anne -- Summary, analysis, and letter text

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Summary He thanks the queen. He recounts how he was taken prisoner by Powhatan. His son Nantaquaus is the manliest Indian he'd ever seen. His daughter Pocahontas saved him at the risk of her own life. Furthermore, she provided food for the miserable sick settlers. Even when they began to war with the Indians Pocahontas saw to their needs and warned them of attacks. He has no idea why she helps them so. After she is taken captive (I guess by the settlers) she is returned and they achieve peace with the Indians. She marries an Englishman, goes to England, converts to Christianity, and learns English. Smith apologizes for being a lousy writer but says he's sincere. He apologizes for asking, but he does ask that the Queen be aware of Pocahontas and see that she's well-received. This is so that Pocahontas doesn't resent her having become a Christian and gone off to England. Themes Thanking and apologizing to the queen Pocahontas story Assimilation Conversion Immigration Pedo...

Captivity Narrative by Mary Rowlandson - Summary

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Mary Rowlandson.  Image source In February 1675 the first attack by the Indians of Lancaster occurred. They set fire to the dwellings of Lancaster and kill its inhabitants. They set fire to Mary's house, and when Mary and her children try to leave her house they are shot at. They finally have to, upon which her brother-in-law die from a previous wound. She herself is shot as is Sarah, the six-year old child in her arms, and a child of her sister's murdered by a blow to the head. Hearing of this, her sister prays to go with them and is promptly shot too. The Indians take the children one way, and Mary another, promising that they would not hurt her if she came with them. Of the 37 of them in her house, only one evaded both death and captivity. 24 are taken alive as captives.  The First Remove The first night in captivity is miserable. She is denied sleep in an English-made dwelling. Still in the ravaged town, the Indians celebrate all night, singing and dancing ...

A Poetic Exploration of the Artistic Process: Inspiration and Frustration in Shakespeare and Keats

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At times it seems that art cannot help but be self-reflexive. In the poetry of both Shakespeare and Keats, literature and the creative process are themes that surface and dominate their work, even when the presumed subject of their work is entirely unrelated. Shakespeare's Sonnet "66" and "76", despite being written in a form that traditionally celebrates love, explore the difficulties of the artistic process. "Sonnet 66" addresses the issue of external hardships imposed upon the artist, whereas "Sonnet 76" concentrates on difficulties that originate within. John Keats' "Ode on a Grecian Urn" seems to be more of an ode to imagination and the creative process, defying its self-proclaimed subject, the urn. External examination of the vessel inspires questions as to the events depicted on it, resulting in speculation that goes beyond the urn and creates vivid, colorful poetry. Through the form of their poetry and the various sound...

The Wonders of the Invisible World by Cotton Mather- Summary

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New England used to be the Devil's land, and when the people of God settled in it, the Devil became upset and tried to sabotage them. These attempts, with the help of God, have thus far been thwarted. But now the Devil is making an attempt that is fiercer than ever. He has sent legions. Forty years ago a man executed for witchcraft declared that the devil has a plot against the country of witchcraft- that is, he will send an army of devils. And now evidence of this has been spotted! People are being mysteriously tortured and killed. Some witches have been killed but there are witches left. After victims are tortured, they are able to perceive the image of their torturer. Sometimes it is the actual witch but sometimes the witch causes the victim to see images of innocent people. Several people have been convicted of witchcraft and several have confessed to consorting with the Devil. This threatens a ruining of the world. Cotton Mather

The Mayflower Compact by William Bradford - Analysis

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Themes ·        Loyalty to God ·        Spreading Christianity ·        Loyalty to England and broadening the reaches of the empire ·        Creation of laws ·        Editing laws ·        Loyalty to the colony ·        Electing a governor ·        Starting a settlement ·        Keywords: mutinous, God, King James, Carver, governor, Virginia, ship, ashore ·        Overcoming disagreements William Bradford

The Mayflower Compact by William Bradford - Summary

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In the ship there had been disagreements about government on shore. Some passengers said they intended to behave freely because there was no-one to rule them directly. Since the patent that sent them to America covered only Virginia, they would settle in other areas of New England. So Bradford saw fit to write a compact. Evoking God, he states that the reason for their settlement is to spread the word of God and broaden the rule of England. They intend to create the first colony, in Virginia. In order to do this well they will write laws as needed to benefit the good of the colony. They will sign their names to the document as a promise to adhere to the laws. After doing this they elected John Carver as governor for that year. They unloaded the goods which took a long time due to poor means, and built small cottages. They made laws and edited them as needed. The beginning was difficult and there were disagreements but these were settled as time went on, mostly thanks to Car...

The General History of Virginia by John Smith - Analysis

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THEMES God's providence Hunger Violence against the Indians Idolatry of the Indians Indians as savages Indians marvel at the white man Indians feed the white men Misinterpreting Indian actions Indian woman saves white man Indians defy their own (Pocahontas) STYLE Smith refers to himself in the third person PEOPLE AND PLACES Chickahominy Smith President Captain Archer Wingfield Kendall England Warraskoyack Okee Quiyoughkasouck King of Pamunkey Robinson Emry Jamestown John Smith

Chapter 3, Book 2 of The General History of Virginia by John Smith - Summary

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From The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Vol I, Ed. 5 After the sailors depart for England, the settlers are left completely hungry. They have very little food and many die. When they run out, God makes it so the Indians bring the settlers food and save them. He realizes that they had come to the New World too late to plant food. Smith directs the building of the settlement's lodgings. Then he tries to trade with the Indians and that failing tries to use force, shooting them and capturing their idol god. He got food enough for a year but the settlers ate it much more quickly. Smith prevents several settlers from absconding to England. When winter approaches hunting is good and they have as much food as they like. Smith gets two men killed on an expedition and he is taken prisoner for 1.5 months. He comes to be admired by the Indians. Smith gives their leader a compass and explains astronomy to them, so the leader orders him to be spared. The savages stare at h...

Poems by Anne Bradstreet - Analysis

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Prologue THEMES AND AUTHORIAL ATTITUDE Self- criticism Self-reflexiveness Metaliterature: "the Greeks", Bartas Feminism- objection to traditional gender role I am obnoxious to each carping tongue Who says my hand a needle better fits. Men are better But women are still good Defense of woman writers To My Dear and Loving Husband THEMES Love Contentment in marriage Repayment in heaven Eternal life through love Verses Upon the Burning of Our House THEMES Burning house Fear Lamenting her possessions gone Chastisement for material thoughts Riches lie in belief in God STYLE Shift in tense: first, the poet speaks in past tense and then she addresses her heart, and then back to thinking of herself KEYWORDS Fire Ruin ashes Posthumous depiction of Anne Bradstreet by Edmund H. Garrett.  Source: Wikipedia