ESSAY CEMETERY

Lots of scripture and historical, particularly American, precedents to back up his rhetoric and arguments Addressed to whites - "you" refers to heads of white churches or the white moderate Echoes A Model of Christian Charity by John Winthrop “Yes, I see the church as the body of Christ.” Calling on American discourse. Interestingly, he does so on the past and not the future "We will reach the goal of freedom in Birmingham and all over the nation, because the goal of America is freedom. Abused and scorned though we may be, our destiny is tied up with America's destiny. Before the pilgrims landed at Plymouth, we were here. Before the pen of Jefferson etched the majestic words of the Declaration of Independence across the pages of history, we were here. For more than two centuries our forebears labored in this country without wages; they made cotton king; they built the homes of their masters while suffering gross injustice and shameful humiliation -and yet out of a bo

King makes a distinction between just/moral and unjust/immoral laws and makes the claim that unjust laws do not have to be obeyed. Segregation laws are unjust and therefore must not be obeyed. Furthermore, Negroes are prevented from voting and changing the laws and so the laws are politically and undemocratically unjust. These laws must be disobeyed openly so that their breacher, by breaking the law, illustrates the unfairness of it. King cites precedents of civil disobedience that changed society for the better, and instances of unjust laws. King is disappointed with the "white moderate" who is content with keeping the peace rather than justice, and so are resistant to the necessary tension that is a product of the civil rights revolution. They agree with the principle of equality but not to the actions that must be taken to achieve it. They think that blacks should wait before claiming their rights. He is grateful for the few whites that do join the black struggle.

·        Man's rights are endowed by God “…that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” ·        Governments should stem from within the people governed and it  is governments' responsibility is to keep men's rights “That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” ·        The right of the people to instate new government “That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness” ·        The British Crown has abused America “The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all h

Jefferson says that it needs to be said why America intends to separate from England. Americans are entitled to equal rights as the English, including life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It is the job of governments to see that these rights are kept, and when they are not kept it is the right of the people to abolish that government and institute a new one. America has been subject to much abuse from England and this separation is not due to frivolous reasons. Some examples of the abuse are refusal to create laws to benefit Americans; neglecting to attend to American law and yet demanding that no laws be created without him; dissolving legislative bodies repeatedly and refusing to replace them. Other transgressions are preventing immigration, raising the price of land, refusing to instate judiciary institutions, rendering the military superior to civil power, keeping military in America in times of peace. The English crown has also impeded trade, imposed taxation witho

Themes ·        Rebellion “As the king of England hath undertaken in his own right, to support the parliament in what he calls theirs, and as the good people of this country are grievously oppressed by the combination, they have an undoubted privilege to inquire into the pretensions of both, and equally to reject the usurpations of either.” ·        Universality of struggle “The cause of America is, in a great measure, the cause of all mankind.” ·        Unity in times of adversity “Now is the seed time of continental union, faith and honor.” ·        Warning traitors “The least fracture now will be like a name engraved with the point of a pin on the tender rind of a young oak; The wound will enlarge with the tree, and posterity read it in full grown characters” ·        Advocating reason ·        The claim to the US lies with Europe “Europe, and not England, is the parent country of America. This new world hath been the asylum for the persecuted lovers of

Introduction Paine says that the idea he is about to propose will not be popular, because people are used to a certain state of things and he propounds to change them. Since the English Crown is abusing its power over America, "the good people of this country… have an undoubted privilege to inquire into the pretensions [of the Crown] … and to reject the usurpations". The natural rights of Americans are being violated. Thoughts of the Present State of American Affairs Paine calls the public to suspend their prejudices while reading his essay. It is war, he says, that will decide the issue of American independence, a great cause. This issue is not an issue of point but global and universal. He calls for the continent to be united. Any traitor will be remembered for posterity. War with England has started. As such, thoughts of union with England are no longer practical. Independence thus must be considered. We come to much harm because we are still dependant o

Themes ·        Loyalty to God ·        Spreading Christianity ·        Loyalty to England and broadening the reaches of the empire ·        Creation of laws ·        Editing laws ·        Loyalty to the colony ·        Electing a governor ·        Starting a settlement ·        Keywords: mutinous, God, King James, Carver, governor, Virginia, ship, ashore ·        Overcoming disagreements William Bradford

In the ship there had been disagreements about government on shore. Some passengers said they intended to behave freely because there was no-one to rule them directly. Since the patent that sent them to America covered only Virginia, they would settle in other areas of New England. So Bradford saw fit to write a compact. Evoking God, he states that the reason for their settlement is to spread the word of God and broaden the rule of England. They intend to create the first colony, in Virginia. In order to do this well they will write laws as needed to benefit the good of the colony. They will sign their names to the document as a promise to adhere to the laws. After doing this they elected John Carver as governor for that year. They unloaded the goods which took a long time due to poor means, and built small cottages. They made laws and edited them as needed. The beginning was difficult and there were disagreements but these were settled as time went on, mostly thanks to Car